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The “Cloud” to “Things” Continuum
Few years ago,we introduced the concept of a multi-tier cloud as part of the “Smart Applications on Virtualized Infrastructure (SAVI)” NSERC Strategic Network Project. SAVI extends the traditional cloud computing environment into a two-tier cloud including smart edges – small to moderate size data centers located close to the end-users (e.g.,service provider premises),and massive scale data centers with abundant high-performance computing resources typically located in remote areas. We designed the smart edge as a converged infrastructure that uses virtualization,cloud computing and network softwarization principles to support multiple network protocols,customizable network services,and high-bandwidth low latency applications. Since then the concept of a multi-tier cloud has been widely adopted by telecom operators and in initiatives such as the Mobile Edge Computing (MEC). In the meantime,the advent of the Internet of Things (IoT) has seen an explosive growth in the number of connected devices generating a large variety of data in high volumes at high velocities. The unique set of requirements posed by the IoT data demands innovation in the information infrastructure with the objective of minimizing latency and conserving bandwidth resources. The multi-tier cloud computing model proposed in SAVI falls short in addressing the needs of the IoT applications,since,most voluminous,heterogeneous and short-lived data will have to be processed and analyzed closer to IoT devices generating the data. Therefore,it is imperative that the future information infrastructure should incorporate more tiers (e.g.,IoT gateways,customer premise equipments) into the multi-tier cloud to enable true at-scale end-to-end application orchestration. In this keynote,we will discuss the research challenges in realizing the future information infrastructure that should be massively distributed to achieve scalability; highly interoperable for seamless interaction between different enabling technologies; highly flexible for collecting,fusing,mining,and processing IoT data; and easily programmable for service orchestration and application-enablement
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Future Cities and the Internet of Things
Abstract: Of all the technology trends that are taking place,perhaps the biggest one is the Internet of Things (IoT). CISCO is predicating 16.2 Trillion Dollars to be made from IoT in the next few years. IoT refers to everyday inanimate objects or "things",embedded with electronics,software,sensors and connectivity,communicating with each other in the cloud. Commentators are saying that the IoT is going to make everything in our lives from streetscapes to farms “smart”. This presentation will discuss the various applications of IoT and focus on smart city and farm applications in particular. It will assess the impact that the IoT is already having on our cities and farms and consider future possibilities. The following topics are covered in the talk,introduction to the Internet of Things (IoT),applications including IoT education and teaching programs,skills development,online resources and MOOCs,IoT platforms,sensors and wearable technologies with a focus on cities and farms.
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When #IoT becomes a basis for decision making; Digital Twins,AI and Robotics
Abstract: Goods,persons,houses,situations and Industrial processes all radiate data and create digital footprints and ideally twins. These twins exist as sets off properties in an analytic layer that is in many commercial hands at the moment but not under democratic multi stakeholder control. Whoever or whatever gains agency in and on that layer (which defines governance of the everyday) must grasp the practice and theory of assigning,withdrawing,validating and defining the very nature of entitlements; who/what/when/where exists how and why? The situation is hybrid in the sense that the digital twins actually begin to actuate back in the ‘analogue’ objects. This is the moment of ontological change. It demands a new toolset on the notion of identity itself. Uncoupling identity in thinking of “entitlements’ opens up a new field of value and services. In the case of self-driving cars this way of thinking could argue for liability not with real person-identities but with ‘entitlements’; any combination of a particular driver (with particular points on a passport and certain characteristics) and a particular car. This reasoning can be extended to any service in the network as digital signatures for entities (the entitlements for/to mixed identities formed with properties of former solid categories like ‘persons’,‘goods’,‘situations’,‘interactions’,digital signatures for services (the right – ethically sound - kind of energy management,connected car,home entertainment,smart city applications) and digital signatures for architectures. In the case of architectures we want to put forward four building blocks. The first is that in an Internet of Humans,or Next Generation Internet,trust can be tokenized but only within a situation of already established trust between people,meaning there has to be a social understanding before it can be technically articulated,can we talk about communities and everyday life. The second is successful anticipatory regulation: “joint-up multidisciplinary regulation through collaboration platforms on AI that include startups,think-tanks and academia,large and medium-sized companies,governments and their ethics commissions,civil society and activists.”The third is to explore building institution like entities with the concepts of data utilities and the work of Neil Lawrence and Sylvie Delacroix who propose data trusts as a bottom-up mechanism whereby data-subjects choose to pool their data within the legal framework of the Trust. The fourth is to include potential third-party trust providers are seemingly neutral organizations that have a large member base organized around for example mobility (in the Netherlands the ANWB has a membership of 4.446.528 (1-1-2017). In January 2018,for example,the various accounts of FC Barcelona surpassed 180 million engagements worldwide. One could also consider alumni groups of different schools
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کاربردهای Blockchain در اینترنت اشیاء
Abstract: The Internet of Things (IoT) has been expanding at a rapid pace in the last few years and it is predicted that IoT device will grow to over 25 billion by 2020. We could admit the potential of IoT to deliver inspiring services across several sectors from smart cities,health care and the industries to the business. Despite the benefits provided by these services,there are critical issues with privacy,desired Quality-of-Service due to limited resources in IoT devices,centralized architecture and scalability. Blockchain,first introduced by the cryptocurrency Bitcoin,is a distributed append-only ledger technology whose data are distributed and shared among a network of peers. Blockchain enables trustless networks and applications can operate in a decentralized fashion,without the need for a central authority. The distributed nature of many IoT sensor networks and the need for data exchange and access management makes the blockchain a suitable answer for some of the current challenges of IoT systems. Exploiting Blockchain technology in IoT systems can result in creating trust,reducing cost,accelerating in transactions and distributed management. However,due to limitation of resources for IoT devices,there are also challenges that should be considered. In this session,I talk about application of blockchain in IoT and its advantages and challenges
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